PHP Operators

Today we will look into PHP operators. Earlier we went through PHP tutorial for beginners to get you started with variables and String.

We can use PHP operators with String, integers, boolean and arrays.

PHP Operator Types

PHP scripting language provides different kinds of operators to work with variables such as arithmetic operators, comparison and logical operators.

PHP Arithmetic Operators
PHP Assignment Operators
PHP Increment/Decrement Operators
PHP Comparison Operators
PHP Logical Operators
PHP Bitwise Operators
PHP Array Operators
PHP Type Operator

1. PHP Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Name	Description
a+b	Addition	Sum of variables a and b, for example 2+3=5
a-b	Subtraction	Difference of a and b, for example 5-2=3
a*b	Multiplication	Product of a and b, for example 5*2=10
a/b	Division	Quotient of a and b, for example 10/2=5
a%b	Modulus	Remainder of a divided by b, for example 3%2=1
-a	Negation	Opposite of x, for example -5
a.b	Concatenation	Used to concat, for example “Pankaj” . “Kumar”=”PankajKumar”

Copy
<?php

$a = 10;
$b = 5;
$c = 3;
$d = 8;

//addition example
$add=$a + $b;
echo $add; //prints 15
echo "<br>";

//subtraction example
$sub = $a - $b;
echo $sub; //prints 5
echo "<br>";

//multiplication example
$mul = $a * $b;
echo $mul; //prints 50
echo "<br>";

//division example
$div = $a / $b;
echo $div; // prints 2
echo "<br>";
echo $a/$c; //prints 3.3333333333333
echo "<br>";
echo $d/$c; //prints 2.6666666666667
echo "<br>";

//modulus example
$mod= $a % $b;
echo $mod;
echo "<br>"; //prints 0

//Negation example
$neg = -$a;
echo $neg; //prints -10;
echo "<br>";

//Concatenation example
$str1="Pankaj";
$str2="Kumar";

echo $str1 . " " . $str2; //prints "Pankaj Kumar"
echo "<br>";

echo $a . $b; //prints 105
echo "<br>";

echo $c . $d; //prints 38
?>

2. PHP Assignment Operators

Operator	Description
a=b	The value of b will be set to a, the left side can be expressions also, for example a= 10-5
a+=b	Same as a=a+b
a-=b	Same as a=a-b
a*=b	Same as a=a*b
a/=b	Same as a=a/b
a%=b	Same as a=a%b
a.=b	Same as a=a.b

Copy
<?php

$a=12;

//assignment operator example
$b=$a;
echo $b; //prints 12
echo "<br>";

$a+=$b;
echo $a; //prints 24, same as a=a+b
echo "<br>";

$a-=$b;
echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a-b=24-12
echo "<br>";

$a*=$b;
echo $a; //prints 144, same as a=a*b=12*12
echo "<br>";

$a/=$b;
echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a/b=144/12
echo "<br>";

$a%=$b;
echo $a; //prints 0, same as a=a%b=12%12
echo "<br>";

$a.=$b;
echo $a; //prints 012, same as a=a.b=0.12=012

?>

3. PHP Increment/Decrement Operators

Operator	Name	Description
++a	Pre-increment	Increment a by 1 and then returns it
a++	Post-increment	returns a and then increment it by 1
–a	Pre-decrement	Decrement a by 1 and then returns it
a–	Post-decrement	returns a and then decrement it by 1

Copy
<?php

$a=12;

//Pre-increment example
$b=++$a;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Post-increment example
$b=$a++;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=14 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Pre-decrement example
$b=--$a;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Post-decrement example
$b=$a--;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=12 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

?>

4. PHP Comparison Operators

Operator	Name	Description
a==b	Equal	True if a is equal to b
a===b	Identical	True if a is equal to b and of same type, 5===”5” is false
a!=b	Not equal	True if a and b are not equal
a<>b	Not equal	True if a and b are not equal
a!==b	Not identical	True if a and b are not equal and they are not of same type, for example 5!==”5″ returns true
a<b	Less than	True if a is less than b
a>b	Greater than	True if a is greater than b
a<=b	Less than or equal to	True if a is less than or equal to b
a>=b	Greater than or equal to	True if a is greater than or equal to b

Copy
<?php

$a=10;
$b="10";
$c=10;
$d=5;

//Equal example
var_dump($a==$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a==$c); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Identical example
var_dump($a===$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a===$c); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Not equal example
var_dump($a!=$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a!=$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<>$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<>$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Not identical example
var_dump($a!==$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a!==$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Less than example
var_dump($a<$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<$d); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Greater than example
var_dump($a>$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a>$d); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Less than or equal to example
var_dump($a<=$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<=$d); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Greater than or equal to example
var_dump($a>=$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a>=$d); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

?>

5. PHP Logical Operators

Operator	Name	Description
a and b	And	True if both a and b are true
a or b	Or	True if either a or b is true
a xor b	Xor	True if either a or b is true, but not both
!a	Not	True if a is not true
a && b	And	Same as and operator
a \|\| b	Or	Same as or operator

Copy
<?php

$a=true;
$b=false;
$c=true;

//And example
var_dump($a and $b); //prints bool(false)
var_dump($a and $c); //prints bool(true)

var_dump($a && $b); //prints bool(false)
var_dump($a && $c); //prints bool(true)

echo "<br>";

//Or example
var_dump($a or $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a or $c); //prints bool(true) 

var_dump($a || $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a || $c); //prints bool(true)
echo "<br>";

//Xor example
var_dump($a xor $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a xor $c); //prints bool(false)
echo "<br>";

//Not example
var_dump(!$a); //prints bool(false)
var_dump(!$b); //prints bool(true)
echo "<br>";

?>

6. PHP Bitwise Operators

Operator	Name	Description
a & b	And	Bits that are set in both a and b are set.
a \| b	Or	Bits that are set in either a or b are set
a ^ b	Xor	Bits that are set in a or b but not both are set
~ a	Not	Bits that are set in a are not set, and vice versa
a << b	Shift left	Shift the bits of a, b steps to the left
a >> b	Shift right	Shift the bits of a, b steps to the right

Copy
<?php

$a=15; // 00001111
$b=35; // 00100011

//Bitwise And example
$c=$a & $b;
//	00001111
// &00100011
//  00000011

echo $c; //prints 3
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Or example
$c=$a | $b;
//	00001111
// |00100011
//  00101111

echo $c; //prints 47
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Xor example
$c=$a ^ $b;
//	00001111
// ^00100011
//  00101100

echo $c; //prints 44
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Not example
$c=$a & ~$b; //bits that are set in a but not in b, 00001100 = 12
$d=$b & ~$a; //bits that are set in b but not in a, 00100000 = 32

echo $c; //prints 12
echo "<br>";
echo $d; //prints 32
echo "<br>";

//Shift left example
$c=$a<<2; //bits shifted to left two places, 00111100 = 60
echo $c; //prints 60
echo "<br>";

//Shift right example
$c=$a>>2; //bits shifted to right two places, 00000011 = 3
echo $c; //prints 3

?>

7. PHP Array Operators

Operator	Name	Description
a + b	Union	Union of a and b
a == b	Equality	True if a and b have same key/value pairs
a === b	Identity	True if a and b have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types.
a != b	Inequality	True if a is not equal to b
a <> b	Inequality	True if a is not equal to b
a !== b	Non-Identity	True if a is not identical to b

Copy
<?php

$cars=array("BMW","Toyota","Honda");
$buses=array("BMW","Volvo","Tata","Mercedez");

//Union of Arrays
$cars_buses = $cars + $buses;
$arrlength=count($cars_buses);

for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++)
  {
  echo $cars_buses[$x] . " "; //prints "BMW Toyota Honda Mercedez "
  }
echo "<br>";

//Arrays Equality
$cars1=array("BMW","2" => "Honda",1 => "Toyota");
var_dump($cars == $cars1); //prints bool(true);
var_dump($cars == $buses); //prints bool(false);
echo "<br>";

//Identical Arrays operator
var_dump($cars === $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars === $buses); //prints bool(false);
echo "<br>";

//Inequality example
var_dump($cars != $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars != $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

var_dump($cars <> $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars <> $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

//Non-Identical Arrays operator
var_dump($cars !== $cars1); //prints bool(true);
var_dump($cars !== $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

?>

8. PHP Type Operator

instanceof is the type operator used to determine if a PHP variable is an instantiated object of a class or not.

Copy
<?php
class MyClass{}

class OtherClass{}

$var = new MyClass;

var_dump($var instanceof MyClass); // prints bool(true)
var_dump($var instanceof OtherClass); // prints bool(false)

?>

That’s all for PHP operators. In the next tutorial, we will learn about PHP Conditional Statements, Arrays and Loops in PHP.

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About Pankaj

I love Open Source technologies and writing about my experience about them is my passion. You can connect with me directly on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.

Comments

slim says
December 29, 2017 at 2:39 pm
Nice one. But i need download examples. That is how i learn.
Gaurang vyas says
May 31, 2017 at 11:32 pm
Good Post For Beginners in PHP
Aqeel says
June 2, 2016 at 1:52 am
Thanks
WAseem Asgar says
July 2, 2014 at 3:59 am
helpful post
Santosh Tewari says
May 7, 2014 at 12:32 pm
Thanks for your content. This was really helpful. Hope to find similar contents in near future.