PHP Operators

Today we will look into PHP operators. Earlier we went through PHP tutorial for beginners to get you started with variables and String.

PHP Operators

We can use PHP operators with String, integers, boolean and arrays.

PHP Operator Types

PHP scripting language provides different kinds of operators to work with variables such as arithmetic operators, comparison and logical operators.

1. PHP Arithmetic Operators

<?php

$a = 10;
$b = 5;
$c = 3;
$d = 8;

//addition example
$add=$a + $b;
echo $add; //prints 15
echo "<br>";

//subtraction example
$sub = $a - $b;
echo $sub; //prints 5
echo "<br>";

//multiplication example
$mul = $a * $b;
echo $mul; //prints 50
echo "<br>";

//division example
$div = $a / $b;
echo $div; // prints 2
echo "<br>";
echo $a/$c; //prints 3.3333333333333
echo "<br>";
echo $d/$c; //prints 2.6666666666667
echo "<br>";

//modulus example
$mod= $a % $b;
echo $mod;
echo "<br>"; //prints 0

//Negation example
$neg = -$a;
echo $neg; //prints -10;
echo "<br>";

//Concatenation example
$str1="Pankaj";
$str2="Kumar";

echo $str1 . " " . $str2; //prints "Pankaj Kumar"
echo "<br>";

echo $a . $b; //prints 105
echo "<br>";

echo $c . $d; //prints 38
?> 

2. PHP Assignment Operators

<?php

$a=12;

//assignment operator example
$b=$a;
echo $b; //prints 12
echo "<br>";

$a+=$b;
echo $a; //prints 24, same as a=a+b
echo "<br>";

$a-=$b;
echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a-b=24-12
echo "<br>";

$a*=$b;
echo $a; //prints 144, same as a=a*b=12*12
echo "<br>";

$a/=$b;
echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a/b=144/12
echo "<br>";

$a%=$b;
echo $a; //prints 0, same as a=a%b=12%12
echo "<br>";

$a.=$b;
echo $a; //prints 012, same as a=a.b=0.12=012

?> 

3. PHP Increment/Decrement Operators

<?php

$a=12;

//Pre-increment example
$b=++$a;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Post-increment example
$b=$a++;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=14 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Pre-decrement example
$b=--$a;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

//Post-decrement example
$b=$a--;
echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=12 ,b=13
echo "<br>";

?> 

4. PHP Comparison Operators

<?php

$a=10;
$b="10";
$c=10;
$d=5;

//Equal example
var_dump($a==$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a==$c); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Identical example
var_dump($a===$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a===$c); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Not equal example
var_dump($a!=$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a!=$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<>$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<>$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Not identical example
var_dump($a!==$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a!==$c); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Less than example
var_dump($a<$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<$d); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Greater than example
var_dump($a>$b); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a>$d); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

//Less than or equal to example
var_dump($a<=$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a<=$d); //prints bool(false) 
echo "<br>";

//Greater than or equal to example
var_dump($a>=$b); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";
var_dump($a>=$d); //prints bool(true) 
echo "<br>";

?> 

5. PHP Logical Operators

<?php

$a=true;
$b=false;
$c=true;

//And example
var_dump($a and $b); //prints bool(false)
var_dump($a and $c); //prints bool(true)

var_dump($a && $b); //prints bool(false)
var_dump($a && $c); //prints bool(true)

echo "<br>";

//Or example
var_dump($a or $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a or $c); //prints bool(true) 

var_dump($a || $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a || $c); //prints bool(true)
echo "<br>";

//Xor example
var_dump($a xor $b); //prints bool(true)
var_dump($a xor $c); //prints bool(false)
echo "<br>";

//Not example
var_dump(!$a); //prints bool(false)
var_dump(!$b); //prints bool(true)
echo "<br>";

?> 

6. PHP Bitwise Operators

<?php

$a=15; // 00001111
$b=35; // 00100011

//Bitwise And example
$c=$a & $b;
//	00001111
// &00100011
//  00000011

echo $c; //prints 3
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Or example
$c=$a | $b;
//	00001111
// |00100011
//  00101111

echo $c; //prints 47
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Xor example
$c=$a ^ $b;
//	00001111
// ^00100011
//  00101100

echo $c; //prints 44
echo "<br>";

//Bitwise Not example
$c=$a & ~$b; //bits that are set in a but not in b, 00001100 = 12
$d=$b & ~$a; //bits that are set in b but not in a, 00100000 = 32

echo $c; //prints 12
echo "<br>";
echo $d; //prints 32
echo "<br>";

//Shift left example
$c=$a<<2; //bits shifted to left two places, 00111100 = 60
echo $c; //prints 60
echo "<br>";

//Shift right example
$c=$a>>2; //bits shifted to right two places, 00000011 = 3
echo $c; //prints 3

?>

7. PHP Array Operators

<?php

$cars=array("BMW","Toyota","Honda");
$buses=array("BMW","Volvo","Tata","Mercedez");

//Union of Arrays
$cars_buses = $cars + $buses;
$arrlength=count($cars_buses);

for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++)
  {
  echo $cars_buses[$x] . " "; //prints "BMW Toyota Honda Mercedez "
  }
echo "<br>";

//Arrays Equality
$cars1=array("BMW","2" => "Honda",1 => "Toyota");
var_dump($cars == $cars1); //prints bool(true);
var_dump($cars == $buses); //prints bool(false);
echo "<br>";

//Identical Arrays operator
var_dump($cars === $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars === $buses); //prints bool(false);
echo "<br>";

//Inequality example
var_dump($cars != $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars != $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

var_dump($cars <> $cars1); //prints bool(false);
var_dump($cars <> $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

//Non-Identical Arrays operator
var_dump($cars !== $cars1); //prints bool(true);
var_dump($cars !== $buses); //prints bool(true);
echo "<br>";

?> 

8. PHP Type Operator

instanceof is the type operator used to determine if a PHP variable is an instantiated object of a class or not.

<?php
class MyClass{}

class OtherClass{}

$var = new MyClass;

var_dump($var instanceof MyClass); // prints bool(true)
var_dump($var instanceof OtherClass); // prints bool(false)

?> 

That’s all for PHP operators. In the next tutorial, we will learn about PHP Conditional Statements, Arrays and Loops in PHP.