Python String doesn’t have a built-in reverse() function. However, there are various ways to reverse a string in Python.
1. How to Reverse a String in Python?
Some of the common ways to reverse a string are:
- Using Slicing to create a reverse copy of the string.
- Using for loop and appending characters in reverse order
- Using while loop to iterate string characters in reverse order and append them
- Using string join() function with reversed() iterator
- Creating a list from the string and then calling its
reverse()
function - Using Recursion
1.1) Python Reverse String using Slicing
def reverse_slicing(s):
return s[::-1]
input_str = 'ABç∂EF'
if __name__ == "__main__":
print('Reverse String using slicing =', reverse_slicing(input_str))
If you run above Python script, the output will be:
Reverse String using slicing = FE∂çBA
1.2) Reverse String using For Loop
def reverse_for_loop(s):
s1 = ''
for c in s:
s1 = c + s1 # appending chars in reverse order
return s1
input_str = 'ABç∂EF'
if __name__ == "__main__":
print('Reverse String using for loop =', reverse_for_loop(input_str))
Output: Reverse String using for loop = FE∂çBA
1.3) Reverse a String using While Loop
def reverse_while_loop(s):
s1 = ''
length = len(s) - 1
while length >= 0:
s1 = s1 + s[length]
length = length - 1
return s1
input_str = 'ABç∂EF'
if __name__ == "__main__":
print('Reverse String using while loop =', reverse_while_loop(input_str))
1.4) Reverse a String using join() and reversed()
def reverse_join_reversed_iter(s):
s1 = ''.join(reversed(s))
return s1
1.5) Python Reverse String using List reverse()
def reverse_list(s):
temp_list = list(s)
temp_list.reverse()
return ''.join(temp_list)
1.6) Python Reverse String using Recursion
def reverse_recursion(s):
if len(s) == 0:
return s
else:
return reverse_recursion(s[1:]) + s[0]
2. Best Way to Reverse a String in Python
We can reverse a string through multiple algorithms. We have already seen six of them. But which of them you should choose to reverse a string.
We can use timeit module to run multiple iterations of these functions and get the average time required to run them.
All the above functions are stored in a python script named string_reverse.py
. I executed all these functions one by one for 1,00,000 times using the timeit module and got the average of the best 5 runs.
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_slicing("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 0.449 usec per loop
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_list("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 2.46 usec per loop
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_join_reversed_iter("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 2.49 usec per loop
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_for_loop("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 5.5 usec per loop
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_while_loop("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 9.4 usec per loop
$ python3.7 -m timeit --number 100000 --unit usec 'import string_reverse' 'string_reverse.reverse_recursion("ABç∂EF"*10)'
100000 loops, best of 5: 24.3 usec per loop
The below table presents the results and slowness of an algorithm from the best one.
Algorithm | TimeIt Execution Time (Best of 5) | Slowness |
---|---|---|
Slicing | 0.449 usec | 1x |
List reverse() | 2.46 usec | 5.48x |
reversed() + join() | 2.49 usec | 5.55x |
for loop | 5.5 usec | 12.25x |
while loop | 9.4 usec | 20.94x |
Recursion | 24.3 usec | 54.12x |
3. Summary
We should use slicing to reverse a string in Python. Its code is very simple and small and we don’t need to write our own logic to reverse the string. Also, it’s the fastest way to reverse a string as identified by the above test executions.
Hi,
Thank you for the explanation. I also wanted to know how to add new lines to the output. For example I have made a reverse string input program:
def reverse_slice(s):
return s[::-1]
s=input(‘enter a string ‘)
print(s[::-1])
How would I a make my answer be on multiple lines?
Hi,
Could you please help to explain the logic, as in what does Python do, for 1.1) Python Reverse String using Slicing.
Confusing part are the double colon operators. I understand the first one is to tell Python to look at all the elements in string, the second one I’m unsure about but [ -1] means that the first item to return needs to be at length [-1]. What does the second colon operator tell Python to do?
Thanks
str_object[start_position:end_position:step] #start and end position is 0, step is 1 by default which means it will traverse forward if its -1 it will traverse backwards.
rule it follows :>s[:i] + s[i:] == s for any index ‘i’.
great content thanks
Hi Pankaj, very useful indeed. I have a question: Why is this piece of code picking the character in the last position of the string and not the char in the position zero of the string? (if I move the char operand in the assignment statement to the other side of the operator then Python picks the char in position zero)
s1 = c + s1 # appending chars in reverse order
Thanks for clarifying.
Rody
thanks for uploading very useful