HttpURLConnection class from java.net package can be used to send Java HTTP Request programmatically. Today we will learn how to use HttpURLConnection in java program to send GET and POST requests and then print the response.
Java HTTP Request
For our HttpURLConnection example, I am using sample project from Spring MVC Tutorial because it has URLs for GET and POST HTTP methods. Below are the images for this web application, I have deployed it on my localhost tomcat server.
Java HTTP GET Request
Java HTTP GET Request for Login Page
Java HTTP POST Request
For Java HTTP GET requests, we have all the information in the browser URL itself. So from the above images, we know that we have the following GET request URLs.
- https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample/
- https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample/login
Above URL’s don’t have any parameters but as we know that in HTTP GET requests parameters are part of URL itself, so for example if we have to send a parameter named userName with value as Pankaj then the URLs would have been like below.
- https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample?userName=Pankaj
- https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample/login?userName=Pankaj&pwd=apple123 – for multiple params
If we know the POST URL and what parameters it’s expecting, it’s awesome but in this case, we will figure it out from the login form source.
Below is the HTML code we get when we view the source of the login page in any of the browsers.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="home" method="post">
<input type="text" name="userName"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Look at the form method in the source, as expected it’s POST method. Now see that action is “home”, so the POST URL would be https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample/home. Now check the different elements in the form, from the above form we can deduce that we need to send one POST parameter with name userName and it’s of type String.
So now we have complete details of the GET and POST requests and we can proceed for the Java HTTP Request example program.
Below are the steps we need to follow for sending Java HTTP requests using HttpURLConnection class.
- Create
URLobject from the GET/POST URL String. - Call openConnection() method on URL object that returns instance of
HttpURLConnection - Set the request method in
HttpURLConnectioninstance, default value is GET. - Call setRequestProperty() method on
HttpURLConnectioninstance to set request header values, such as “User-Agent” and “Accept-Language” etc. - We can call
getResponseCode()to get the response HTTP code. This way we know if the request was processed successfully or there was any HTTP error message thrown. - For GET, we can simply use Reader and InputStream to read the response and process it accordingly.
- For POST, before we read response we need to get the OutputStream from
HttpURLConnectioninstance and write POST parameters into it.
HttpURLConnection Example
Based on the above steps, below is the example program showing usage of HttpURLConnection to send Java GET and POST requests.
HttpURLConnectionExample.java code:
package com.journaldev.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class HttpURLConnectionExample {
private static final String USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0";
private static final String GET_URL = "https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample";
private static final String POST_URL = "https://localhost:9090/SpringMVCExample/home";
private static final String POST_PARAMS = "userName=Pankaj";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
sendGET();
System.out.println("GET DONE");
sendPOST();
System.out.println("POST DONE");
}
private static void sendGET() throws IOException {
URL obj = new URL(GET_URL);
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("GET");
con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
System.out.println("GET Response Code :: " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // success
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
// print result
System.out.println(response.toString());
} else {
System.out.println("GET request not worked");
}
}
private static void sendPOST() throws IOException {
URL obj = new URL(POST_URL);
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
// For POST only - START
con.setDoOutput(true);
OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
os.write(POST_PARAMS.getBytes());
os.flush();
os.close();
// For POST only - END
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
System.out.println("POST Response Code :: " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { //success
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
// print result
System.out.println(response.toString());
} else {
System.out.println("POST request not worked");
}
}
}
When we execute the above program, we get below response.
GET Response Code :: 200
<html><head> <title>Home</title></head><body><h1> Hello world! </h1><P> The time on the server is March 6, 2015 9:31:04 PM IST. </P></body></html>
GET DONE
POST Response Code :: 200
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>User Home Page</title></head><body><h3>Hi Pankaj</h3></body></html>
POST DONE
Just compare it with the browser HTTP response and you will see that it’s same. You can also save response into any HTML file and open it to compare the responses visually.
Quick Tip: If you have to send GET/POST requests over HTTPS protocol, then all you need is to use javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection instead of java.net.HttpURLConnection. Rest all the steps will be same as above, HttpsURLConnection will take care of SSL handshake and encryption.
HttpURLConnection sets “connection: keep-alive” by default for every request. I have written a HTTP server and I am keeping the TCP connection open as request header contains keep-alive. But when sending second request, HttpURLConnection is opening new TCP connection. Shouldn’t it use first TCP connection itself. I have tried closing input stream and disconnecting HttpURLConnection instance, but still HttpURLConnection instance always opens a new TCP connection. I have even tried setting property “http.maxConnections” to “1”. Is there any way in android to send multiple HTTP requests on a single persistent TCP connection ?
Hi Pankaj, thank you so much for the post.
I have an issue. When i’m trying to do a POST, i do :
HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
But when it try to do :
OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
This happened:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
Is weird because when i did a POST to a google service it worked well, but with other API has this exception.
Thak you for your help.
Hi Pankaj,
I am trying to invoke a REST API. I am getting the proper response when invoked from POSTMAN. But, when I am trying to call from a Java program, I am getting the response in some junk characters.
try {
URL url = new URL(“https://ucf5-zodx-fa-ext.oracledemos.com/fscmRestApi/resources/11.13.18.05/erpintegrations”);//your url i.e fetch data from .
SOAPHttpsURLConnection conn = (SOAPHttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
String authString = “fin_impl” + “:” + “…”; // masked the password for security reasons
String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(authString.getBytes());
String authHeader = “Basic ” + encodedAuth;
conn.setRequestProperty (“Authorization”, authHeader);
conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”,”application/json”);
conn.setRequestProperty(“Accept”,”application/json”);
conn.setRequestProperty(“Accept-Encoding”,”gzip”);
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
String output = “{ “;
output = output + “\””+”OperationName”+”\”:” + “\”” + “importBulkData” + “\”,”;
output = output + “\””+”DocumentContent”+”\”:” + “\”” + “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” + “\”,”;
output = output + “\””+”ContentType”+”\”:” + “\”” + “zip” + “\”,”;
output = output + “\””+”FileName”+”\”:” + “\”” + “apinvoiceimport.zip” + “\”,”;
output = output + “\””+”JobName”+”\”:” + “\”” + “oracle/apps/ess/financials/payables/invoices/transactions,APXIIMPT” + “\”,”;
output = output + “\””+”ParameterList”+”\”:” + “\”” + “#NULL,US1 Business Unit,#NULL,#NULL,#NULL,#NULL,#NULL,External,#NULL,#NULL,#NULL,1,#NULL” + “\””;
output = output + ” }”;
System.out.println(“before writing… ” + output);
wr.write(output);
wr.flush();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), “UTF-8”));
while ((responseLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(“… “+ responseLine + ” …. “);
response.append(responseLine);
}
conn.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(“Exception in NetClientGet:- ” + e);
}
I am getting some junk and non-printable characters in the response.
something as below:
… ?
Please help.
Thanks,
Hari
It looks like an encoded response.
I am getting error while sending below:
Response Code: 405
Response: {“Message”:”The requested resource does not support http method ‘POST’.”}
My Code:
URL obj = new URL(strWebServiceUrl);
con = (HttpsURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
//add request header
//con.setRequestMethod(“GET”);
con.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “text/plain”);
con.setRequestProperty(strHeaderKey, strHeaderValue);
con.setDoOutput(true);
os = con.getOutputStream();
os.flush();
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode!=200)
{
in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(con.getErrorStream()));
}
else
{
in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
}
String inputLine;
StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
{
response.append(inputLine);
}
if(responseCode!=200)
{
logger.error(“Error Response Code from webservice is “+responseCode+” Response: “+response.toString());
System.out.println(response.toString());
}
else
{
logger.info(” SUCCESSFUL response from web service: “+response.toString());
System.out.println(response.toString());
}
Hi Pankaj, Can you please advise on above issue.
Hi ,
I am using Post method to send JSON object through proxy setting and header . Response I am getting 500 Internal server Error ?
Please help me.
Thx
How can i send a request body which contains nested Json for example using java.net.HttpURLConnection:-
{
“moduleId”: “abc”,
“properties”: {
“desired”: {
“Graphs”: {
“PersonDetection”: {
“location”: “https://graphexample.yaml”,
“version”: 1,
“parameters”: {},
“enabled”: true,
“status”: “started”
}
}
}
}
Hello I have to send a GET request with parameter and get Json response from third party using API key.
Kindly help.
here is my function below : , connection is made successfully because i receive response 200 but it send blank data to the POST request. hence my POST request makes entry to db with all fields blank except id i.e. which I am generating on POST request on server side.
Note : when I capture the url and json string on debug mode , and send same through POSTMAN , data gets created successfully at DB and i receive 200.
I am clueless now, how to debug the issue
public static int POST(String urlstr, String jsonbody) {
URL url = null;
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
String result = “”;
try {
url = new URL(urlstr);
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
urlConnection.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “application/json”);
urlConnection.setRequestProperty(“Accept”, “application/json”);
urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
urlConnection.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
OutputStream wr = urlConnection.getOutputStream();
wr.write(jsonbody.getBytes());
wr.flush();
wr.close();
System.out.println(“response code from server” + urlConnection.getResponseCode());
return urlConnection.getResponseCode();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return 500;
}finally {
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
Hi Pankaj,
I have one small required with this HTTP post connection, in postman I am using post method to pass a url and content from body section choosing raw option. I am able to open the connection but not sure how to post this body content in post call. can you please advise. Thanks in advance
Hai I have to develop a program for get and post request
can you help me for that.
hii krishnan have you solved you program??
When i send the request using the string directInput, it’s working fine. Unfortunately when i used the json object converted into string jsonInput i got 404 error code. the directInput and jsonInput return the same values
Someone could please help troubleshooting ? Thanks
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String userCredentials = “USR28:YG739G5XFVPYYV4ADJVW”;
String basicAuth = “Basic ” + new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(userCredentials.getBytes()));
URL url = new URL(“https://74.208.84.251:8221/QosicBridge/user/deposit”);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “application/json;”);
conn.setRequestProperty(“Accept”, “application/json”);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestProperty (“Authorization”, basicAuth);
//String directInput = “{\”msisdn\”:\”22997858711\”,\”amount\”:1400,\”transref\”:\”QOVNPVTRATYCBK8VIL1A\”,\”clientid\”:\”UBHQ\”}”;
DepositObject d = new DepositObject();
d.setMsisdn(“22997858711”);
d.setAmount(35);
d.setTransref(“QOVNPVTRATYCBK8VIL1A”);
d.setClientid(“UHBQ”);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String jsonInput = gson.toJson(d).toString();
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(jsonInput.getBytes());
os.flush();
if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Failed : HTTP error code : ” + conn.getResponseCode());
}
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( (conn.getInputStream())));
String output;
while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(output);
}
conn.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
You have missed the con.disconnect() after each call.
Small things can create HUGE issues in the long run.
This article was very helpful but I am stuck getting a failure back from my request. This works in postman but when trying in java, it fails every way I try it. Sample code below along with the response I get. Any help is very appreciated!!
//print out the encoded values
data.addToLog( “sha256hex: “, sha256hex);
data.addToLog( “xauth: “, xauth);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String baseurl = “https://” + apihost + endpoint + “?personID=” + personid;
data.addToLog( “BaseURL: “, baseurl);
//print out the JSON search request
try {
URL myurl = new URL(null, baseurl , new sun.net.www.protocol.https.Handler() );
HttpsURLConnection con = (HttpsURLConnection )myurl.openConnection();
con.setSSLSocketFactory(new TSLSocketConnectionFactory());
con.setRequestProperty(“X-Timestamp”, tsparam);
con.setRequestProperty(“X-Nonce”, nonce64);
con.setRequestProperty(“X-Authorization”, xauth);
con.setRequestProperty(“X-Test-Insecure”, “true”);
con.setRequestMethod(method);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “application/json;charset=utf-8”);
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
data.addToLog(“Response Code= “, con.getResponseCode() +”: “+ con.getResponseMessage());
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // success
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
// print result
//System.out.println(response.toString());
data.addToLog(“Response:”, response.toString() );
}
Log results:
PersonDetailsLookup,custom,Response Code= ,200: OK
PersonDetailsLookup,custom,Response:,{“serviceModel”:{“errorCode”:{“description”:”Unexpected System Error””value”:”500″}”errorMessage”:”API Invocation Failure – Unknown Error””severity”:{“description”:”FATAL””value”:”3″}}}
i m getting exception as
java.lang.ClassCastException: sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection cannot be cast to javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection.
I am calling Http URL
Please check your import statement, I think you have imported the wrong HttpsURLConnection class. You should import
javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnectionclass.I can’t thank u in words/comments. you deserve more than that, really appreciated. Thanks so much sir
Hi,
I have implemented above code and it works fine.
but I need to accept the values from xls and passing it one by one.
so can you please provide the solution for this.
Hi I’m getting the error java.net.UnknownHostException: Any idea why
You need import java.net.UnknownHostException;
How can a post/get an XML or JSON object using this.
Very usefull, thanks
its really useful for me thank u so much …
Hi ,
I am getting the following error for post request
Exception in thread “main” java.io.IOException: Unable to tunnel through proxy. Proxy returns “HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request” .
I have added extra proxy settings in the sendPOST() method .
Thanks for the informative post! I’m still a newbie when it comes to programming using Java programming language but reading posts like this really helps me understand it even more. Cheers!
Hai, how much it will take to get a response once we hit the url??
Hi
I am using httpsurlconnection.
Url: “https://localhost:8443/LoginApp”
+ “/restservice/agentchildservice/getAttributesForIdentity”;
connection.respose is 200. Its a post call. But the values are not getting fetched , its showing me the login page html content.
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((conn.getInputStream())));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String output;
while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(output);
}
System.out.println(sb);
on printing it will give me the login page html in stringbuilder variable.
I want to get the values. Can you please suggest.
Hi Pankaj,
I have an end point url, and i tried through the SOUP UI using REST its giving expected response.
Now i need to implement through java code and test wether i am getting expected response.
can you help on this please. For the first time i am working on web services.
would like to in detail, will be required any jars in eclipse/project etc.
Thanks,
Kiran
I have request xml for this as well. how to include while calling web service.
Connection exceptioni s coming when I run the java code. Will you please help me to use the code. Is it to run the java code and automatically the code runs?
Awesome…. I have changed POST_PARAMS into custom xml data in string and it works!
Thanks you.
hi sir..
output::
GET Response Code :: 200
Home Hello world! The time on the server is March 6, 2015 9:31:04 PM IST.
GET DONE
POST Response Code :: 200
User Home PageHi Pankaj
POST DONE
how to display in web page sir ….
every time copy paste in browser cannot possible sir … i mean direct when run the programe out put will be display in web page sir
same like above pages
thanks sir
Really awesome tutorials so easy to understand. Thanks pankaj.
I have to say I’m new to Java but have worked with C, C++ , python and several other languages. Java was the hardest for me to understand and work with but this little tutorial made it very plain how to use the java.net module the way I wanted. Very Nice Job!
is there any way to get request url from browser console
Many thanks – I’ve been puzzling over how to POST from a Spring Controller and your article was a great help.
Andrew (Sheffield UK)
Thanks Andrew, I hope you will find my other articles useful too. 🙂
can you give your mail id
hello am getting error : javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Remote host closed connection during handshake.
I did same as above except for https connection.
please help.
Did you used
Thanks 😀
you are welcome.
This tutorial is great and clear. But how about 2 parameters?
String params = “name=mostafa&age=22”;
u r welcome
Thanks for answering the question Mostafa.
Nice tutorial.
Well I didn’t get on thing.
`os.write(POST_PARAMS.getBytes());
os.flush();
os.close();`
How can I print my complete POST URL, after adding parameters. Is that possible to output the URL?
POST parameters are not part of URL, so you see them in URL or print them.
Thanks man! This really worked as expected. Good job (y)
You are welcome Gurgen.
Hi, I wast tried to hit an end point which is get to fetch the detail using apache http, the json response that I get has got some attributes which are empty array. But the same end point I hit thru a browser or a rest client I don’t see these attributes as part of json response. Why is that ?
It may be because the browser/rest client is not displaying them. Can you try through Chrome Postman or similar kind of tool and check the raw response?
You can also print the response at the server side before sending it to confirm this.